The earliest form of UV protection for polymers was achieved through the use of UV absorbers. These are conjugated organic compounds that protect materials by absorbing ultraviolet radiation. Their molecular structure, containing double bonds, allows them to absorb light energy in the UV range and release it harmlessly in the infrared (IR) range. Common examples of such UV absorbers include benzophenones and benzotriazoles.

In addition to colouration, the material’s inherent properties are equally critical, particularly when specific mechanical strength is required. Over time, UV exposure negatively impacts all polymer materials, leading to a loss of these mechanical properties. To counteract this, stabilisers such as UV absorbers are incorporated. These can be combined with the colourants in a masterbatch formulation, resulting in what is known as a combination masterbatch—a blend of both colour and functional additives.

Like all materials, plastics are subject to ageing processes. The use of appropriate additives can significantly slow down these effects.